home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- <text id=93TT1058>
- <title>
- Mar. 01, 1993: Reviews:Books
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1993
- Mar. 01, 1993 You Say You Want a Revolution...
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- REVIEWS, Page 67
- BOOKS
- Jack of All Trades
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>By WALTER SHAPIRO
- </p>
- <qt>
- <l>TITLE: Preparing For The Twenty-First Century</l>
- <l>AUTHOR: Paul Kennedy</l>
- <l>PUBLISHER: Random House; 428 PAGES; $25</l>
- </qt>
- <p> THE BOTTOM LINE: This is an egghead coffee-table book that all
- will discuss, many will buy, yet few will manage to finish.
- </p>
- <p> British-born Yale University historian Paul Kennedy became a
- mass-market commodity with the publication of his The Rise and
- Fall of the Great Powers in 1987, a cross-century, cross-cultural
- study of the vital link between economic and military power.
- So what if Kennedy--never a popularizer--force-fed readers
- far more about the Habsburg Empire than most of them ever wanted
- to know? What mattered was that his thesis (a debt-ridden U.S.
- was fast running the risk of "imperial overstretch") perfectly
- captured the edgy mood of the late Reagan years, as opinion
- leaders began to brood that it was twilight in America.
- </p>
- <p> With Preparing for the Twenty-First Century, Kennedy has fallen
- victim to the academic version of imperial overstretch. The
- genesis of the new book, as Kennedy explains, came during a
- 1988 conference when he was criticized for not addressing "those
- forces for global change, such as population growth, the impact
- of technology, environmental damage and migration, which were
- transnational in nature." Perhaps a more modest scholar than
- Kennedy might have responded that he was, for all his erudition,
- primarily a historian and not an agronomist, a climatologist
- or a demographer.
- </p>
- <p> Instead Kennedy began "initial readings in subjects (global
- warming, demography, robotics, biotech) that were then totally
- foreign to me." His goal was to learn enough about these scientific
- and transnational factors to try to divine the quality of life
- in different regions of the planet through the middle of the
- next century. In an era when knowledge is narrowly compartmentalized,
- Kennedy warrants praise for the breadth of these polymath ambitions,
- aided though he was by five research assistants. But ultimately
- what mars Kennedy's book is that his grasp never fully equals
- his global reach.
- </p>
- <p> For all his skills as a synthesizer, Kennedy primarily assesses
- and passes on received opinions. This often leaves him tentative
- just at the point when the impatient reader, perhaps unrealistically,
- demands certainty. Take Kennedy on climate change: "Little of
- this is clear at present, although once again most scientists
- guess that the effects of global warming will be deleterious
- rather than beneficial." Or his view of the fate of the former
- Soviet Union: "So severe and complex is the crisis that the
- only certain fact is the existence of innumerable uncertainties."
- </p>
- <p> When Kennedy does offer firm predictions, he falls into the
- trap of most consensus forecasters: projecting current trend
- lines ad infinitum. There are few surprises in Kennedy's universe--no new ideologies galvanizing the masses of the Third World;
- no medical breakthroughs to forestall the graying of the developed
- world; no method to recycle wealth from North to South. Global
- population pressures represent the strongest aspect of Kennedy's
- bleak portrait of life in the next century. Small wonder that
- he begins with a tip of the hat to Thomas Malthus' dire--but
- ultimately incorrect--late 18th century prediction of worldwide
- starvation. "The world's population was less than a billion
- when Malthus first wrote his Essay [on Population]," Kennedy
- notes. "Now it is heading, at the least, toward 7 or 8 billion,
- perhaps to well over 10 billion." But elsewhere Kennedy has
- the intellectual honesty to admit that such population projections
- can be grossly inaccurate, missing such behavioral trends as
- a sharp drop in the Brazilian birthrate in the 1980s owing to
- the introduction of cheap birth control.
- </p>
- <p> There is little in Preparing for the Twenty-First Century that
- will surprise a faithful reader of newspaper op-ed pages or
- a regular viewer of public-television chat shows. Yet once again
- Kennedy may resonate perfectly with the national psyche; his
- concern for the environment, education and the economy mirrors
- the visionary world view of the incoming Clinton Administration.
- Not a cheerleader by nature, Kennedy makes scant secret of his
- skepticism: "In the unlikely event that government and societies
- do decide to transform themselves, we ought to recognize that
- our endeavors might have only a marginal effect on the profound
- driving forces of today's world." If Kennedy truly feels that
- fatalistic, one fears that his next best-selling synthesis--coming out around the turn of the millennium--may be titled
- The Rise and Fall of a Great Planet.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-